I agree the specific animals and context is important, as well as comparing potential wellbeing in the wild vs as a pet. I have two axolotls let me tell you I’ve never seen anything with less going on in their heads than those things. My Venus fly trap is smarter than the both of them put together. Plus they’re about to go extinct in the wild. Keeping them as a hobby is important for their survival and I can’t imagine they’d in any way feel better or even notice being in the wild compared to a tank.

It can be case by case for animals of the same type even. One of my cats is legit scared of outside and has no interest in leaving the house for any reason. The other cat is hesitantly curious so sometimes we bring him out on a lead. He never wants to wander further than a few feet though even if we prompt him to explore. They live good lives and feel safe neither really feels the need to roam far as I can tell.